Showing posts with label knowledge representation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label knowledge representation. Show all posts

8/22/2012

Knowledge Representation and the Semantics of Natural Language (Cognitive Technologies) Review

Knowledge Representation and the Semantics of Natural Language (Cognitive Technologies)
Average Reviews:

(More customer reviews)
This book has a wealth of solid information about knowledge representation (KR). It is focused on Multinets, an advanced type of semantic network. The author brings years of experience to this subject. The book deals thoroughly with many aspects of KR such as relationships, categories, generalization, real vs hypothetical, cardinality, and variability, just to name a few. Although the book is focused on Multinets, the concepts should be relevant to other knowledge representation schemes.
Frequent natural language statements clarify the issues under discussion. For example, here are two of the statements on page 49 that illustrate different types of information that can be communicated by "is".
"'A bachelor is an adult unmarried man.' (Relation EQU), 'The cherry is red.' (Relation PROP), . . ."
In other words, the first "is" links equivalent ideas, the second "is" indicates "red" as a property.
The book also contains numerous, well designed, helpful diagrams.
Unfortunately, the jargon is very thick, and difficult to navigate. For example, from page 20: "As already mentioned, the arcs of the semantic network have to be considered as epistemologically and cognitively justified categories which function as fundamental deep semantic relations in the framework of meaning representation." After reading this sentence several times, I think part of what it means is "the arcs of semantic networks should match actual deep semantic relations". But I'm not sure. I frequently find myself reading sentences several times, then moving on, only partly satisfied.
If you can get past the jargon, the book contains a thorough, solidly supported treatment of the knowledge representation of natural language.
Perhaps someone with more prior experience with knowledge representation would find the book more approachable.
Based on the quantity of information, the strong relevance to knowledge representation and the clarifying examples, I give this a generous 4 star rating. However, I'm worried that some readers will find the jargon so impenetrable that the book would lose most of its value to them.

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The book presents an interdisciplinary approach to knowledge representation and the treatment of semantic phenomena of natural language, which is positioned between artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, and cognitive psychology. The proposed method is based on Multilayered Extended Semantic Networks (MultiNets), which can be used for theoretical investigations into the semantics of natural language, for cognitive modeling, for describing lexical entries in a computational lexicon, and for natural language processing (NLP).Part I deals with fundamental problems of semantic knowledge representation and semantic interpretation of natural language phenomena. Part II provides a systematic description of the representational means of MultiNet, one of the most comprehensive and thoroughly specified collections of relations and functions used in real NLP applications.MultiNet is embedded into a system of software tools comprising a workbench for the knowledge engineer, a semantic interpreter translating natural language expressions into formal meaning structures, and a workbench for the computer lexicographer. The book has been used for courses in artificial intelligence at several universities and is one of the cornerstones for teaching computational linguistics in a virtual electronic laboratory.

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12/23/2011

Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL Review

Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL
Average Reviews:

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There are maybe half a dozen or so books in my library that have defined the body of knowledge that has been the subject of my career. All the others are interesting (or not) but not the definitive description of the subject. It is very rare when a new one comes along. But when one does succinctly and clearly define and describe a subject area I have been struggling to master for several years, this is worth celebrating.

This is such a book. For the last several years, I have been studying OWL and the Semantic Web, recognizing that there is something there that is important. But it's been a struggle to get on top of it. For example, the books I've found so far (and indeed, the OWL specification itself) describes the language in terms of XML. That's ok, and I was able to understand bits and pieces of it. And I did get the fundamental difference between semantic modeling as done in OWL and semantic modeling as I have been doing with entity/relationship modeling. But I never really felt comfortable that I "got it".
This book, however, very clearly starts at the beginning and takes the reader through the steps required to understand not just the languages involved, but why they are important and why they are significant to the Semantic Web. Indeed this is the first time I can say that I really understand the semantic web.
One of the reviews complains that the book doesn't go far enough. Perhaps not. But if you are looking for a place not just to start your education and to get a through grounding in fundamental concepts, this is the book for you.
I strongly recommend this book.


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The promise of the Semantic Web to provide a universal medium to exchange data information and knowledge has been well publicized.There are many sources too for basic information on the extensions to the WWW that permit content to be expressed in natural language yet used by software agents to easily find, share and integrate information. Until now individuals engaged in creating ontologies-- formal descriptions of the concepts, terms, and relationships within a given knowledge domain-- have had no sources beyond the technical standards documents.Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist transforms this information into the practical knowledge that programmers and subject domain experts need.Authors Allemang and Hendler begin with solutions to the basic problems, but don't stop there:they demonstrate how to develop your own solutions to problems of increasing complexity and ensure that your skills will keep pace with the continued evolution of the Semantic Web. . Provides practical information for all programmers and subject matter experts engaged in modeling data to fit the requirements of the Semantic Web.. De-emphasizes algorithms and proofs, focusing instead on real-world problems, creative solutions, and highly illustrative examples. . Presents detailed, ready-to-apply "recipes" for use in many specific situations.. Shows how to create new recipes from RDF, RDFS, and OWL constructs.

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11/04/2011

Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist, Second Edition: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL Review

Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist, Second Edition: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL
Average Reviews:

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The book is well organized, well written, and clear in its exposition of the subject. The way they build up, from the simpler concepts of RDF through RDFS to OWL, is a great way to learn the subject. The examples are instructive and well organized. The summaries at the end of each chapter help put it all in perspective.
In spite of the title of the book, I think many people who do not consider themselves "working ontologists" would benefit from reading the book.
I would recommend this book to anyone who has some familiarity with knowledge representation but needs to learn how the Semantic Web does it. (It might be a bit of a tough read for someone with no prior exposure to knowledge representation of any kind.)

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Semantic Web models and technologies provide information in machine-readable languages that enable computers to access the Web more intelligently and perform tasks automatically without the direction of users. These technologies are relatively recent and advancing rapidly, creating a set of unique challenges for those developing applications.



Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist is the essential, comprehensive resource on semantic modeling, for practitioners in health care, artificial intelligence, finance, engineering, military intelligence, enterprise architecture, and more. Focused on developing useful and reusable models, this market-leading book explains how to build semantic content (ontologies) and how to build applications that access that content.

New in this edition:


Coverage of the latest Semantic Web tools for organizing, querying, and processing information - see details in TOC below



Detailed information on the latest ontologies used in key web applications including ecommerce, social networking, data mining, using government data, and more



Updated with the latest developments and advances in Semantic Web technologies for organizing, querying, and processing information, including SPARQL, RDF and RDFS, OWL 2.0, and SKOS
Detailed information on the ontologies used in today's key web applications, including ecommerce, social networking, data mining, using government data, and more
Even more illustrative examples and case studies that demonstrate what semantic technologies are and how they work together to solve real-world problems


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